Boeing-Stearman Model 75
Model 75 "Stearman"
Kaydet |
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| Boeing Stearman N67193 in USN markings |
| Role |
Biplane Trainer |
| Manufacturer |
Stearman Aircraft / Boeing |
| Introduction |
1934 |
| Number built |
9,800 |
| Unit cost |
$11,000 |
The Stearman (Boeing) Model 75 is a biplane used as a military trainer aircraft, of which at least 9,783 were built in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s.[1] Stearman Aircraft became a subsidiary of Boeing in 1934. Widely known as the Stearman, Boeing Stearman or Kaydet, it served as a primary trainer for the USAAF, as a basic trainer for the USN (as the NS & N2S), and with the RCAF as the Kaydet throughout World War II. After the conflict was over, thousands of surplus aircraft were sold on the civil market. In the immediate post-war years they became popular as crop dusters, sports planes, and for aerobatic and wing walking use in airshows.
Design and development
The Kaydet was a conventional biplane of rugged construction with large, fixed tailwheel undercarriage, and accommodation for the student and instructor in open cockpits in tandem. The radial engine was usually uncowled, although some Stearman operators choose to cowl the engine, most notably the Red Baron Stearman Squadron.
Distinctive sound
Because the design of the Stearman's propeller is unusual, reaching the speed of sound in normal operation, the sound of the plane stands out from other, similar aircraft, and is considered something of a trademark.
Operational history
Post-War usage
After World War II, the thousands of PT (primary trainer)-17 Stearmans were auctioned off to civilians and former pilots. Many were modified for cropdusting use, with a hopper for pesticide or fertilizer fitted in place of the front cockpit. Additional equipment included pumps, spray bars, and nozzles mounted below the lower wings. A popular approved modification to increase the maximum takeoff weight and climb performance involved fitting a larger Pratt & Whitney R-985 engine and a constant speed propeller.
Variants
The US Army Air Forces Kaydet had three different designations based on its power plant:
- PT-13, with a Lycoming R-680 engine. 2,141 total all models.[2]
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- PT-13 Initial production. R-680-B4B engine. 26 built.
- PT-13A R-680-7 engine. 92 delivered 1937-38. Model A-75.
- PT-13B R-680-11 engine. 255 delivered 1939-40.
- PT-13C Six PT-13Bs modified for instrument flying.
- PT-13D PT-13As equipped with the R-680-17 engine. 353 delivered.
- PT-17 With a Continental R-670-5 engine. 3,519 delivered
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- PT-17A 18 PT-17s were equipped with blind-flying instrumention.
- PT-17B Three PT-17s were equipped with agricultural spraying equipment for pest-control.
- PT-18
- PT-13 with a Jacobs R-755 engine, 150 built.
- PT-18A Six PT-18s fitted with blind-flying instrumention.
- PT-27
- Canadian PT-17. This designation was given to 300 aircraft supplied under Lend-Lease to the RCAF.
The US Navy had several versions including:
- NS
- Up to 61 delivered. powered by surplus 220 hp (164 kW) Wright J-5 Whirlwind.[3]
- N2S Known colloquially as the "Yellow Peril" from its overall-yellow paint scheme.
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- N2S-1 R-670-14 engine. 250 delivered to the US Navy.
- N2S-2 R-680-8 engine. 125 delivered to the US Navy.
- N2S-3 R-670-4 engine. 1,875 delivered to the US Navy.
- N2S-4 99 US Army aircraft diverted to the US Navy, plus 577 new-build aircraft.
- N2S-5 R-680-17 engine. 1,450 delivered to the US Navy.
- Stearman 70
- (a.k.a. X70) The Wright Field XPT-943 based on the Stearman 6 Cloudboy.
- Stearman 73
- Civil production of the NS and PT-13.
- Stearman 75
- (a.k.a. X75) Evaluated by the army as a Primary trainer. The X75L3 became the PT-13 prototype. Variants of the 75 formed the PT-17 family.
- Stearman 76
- Export trainer and armed versions of the 75.
- Stearman 90 and 91
- (a.k.a. X90 & X91) Productionised metal framed version becoming the XBT-17.
- Stearman XPT-943
- The X70 evaluated at Wright Field.
- American Airmotive NA-75
- Single seat agricultural conversion of Model 75, fitted with new, high lift wings.[4]
Operators
- Argentina
- Argentine Navy
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Canada
- Royal Canadian Air Force
- Taiwan
- Republic of China Air Force
- Colombia
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Greece
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Iran
- Imperial Iranian Air Force
- Israel
- Israeli Air Force
- Mexico
- Mexican Air Force
- Peru
- Peruvian Air Force
- Philippines
- Philippine Army Air Corps
- Philippine Air Force
- United States
- US Army Air Corps/US Army Air Forces
- US Marine Corps
- United States Navy
- Venezuela
Survivors
A considerable number of Stearmans remain in flying condition throughout the world, as the type remains a popular sport plane and warbird.
- Brazil
- Israel
- Peru
- PT-17 on display Instituto de Estudios Históricos Aeroespaciales del Perú, Miraflores, Lima.
- Mexico
- 3 Pt-17 at the Air College for exhibition
- United States
- PT-13D (s/n 42-17800) is on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. This aircraft is the last Kaydet produced. It was donated in 1959 by the Boeing Aircraft Company, which purchased the Stearman Company in 1938.[5]
- 75-3130 is on display in the hangar deck of the USS Yorktown (CV-10) at The Patriot's Point Naval and Maritime Museum in Charleston, South Carolina.
- A PT-17 in which George H.W. Bush once flew as part of his navy training is on display at the Pacific Aviation Museum, on Ford Island, Pearl Harbor.
- A PT-17 is on display Carolinas Aviation Museum, Charlotte, North Carolina.
- A PT-17 is on display at Vintage Flying Museum, Meacham International Airport, Fort Worth, Texas.
- A PT-17 is in regular use at Mississippi State University as a glider tow-plane[6]
Specifications (PT-17)
Data from United States Military Aircraft since 1909[7]
General characteristics
Performance
See also
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
References
Notes
Bibliography
- Avis, Jim and Bowman, Martin. Stearman: A Pictorial History. Motorbooks, 1997. ISBN 0-76030-479-3.
- Bowers, Peter M. Boeing Aircraft since 1916. London:Putnam, 1989. ISBN 0-85177-804-6.
- Phillips, Edward H. Stearman Aircraft: A Detailed History . Specialty Press, 2006. ISBN 1-58007-087-6.
- Swanborough, F.G. and Peter M. Bowers. United States Military Aircraft since 1909. London:Putnam, 1963.
- Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1965.
- United States Air Force Museum. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation. 1975.
Videography
- Stearman, Lloyd. Stearmans, You Gotta Love Them. Lap Records, 2005. (NTSC Format)
External links
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| Advanced Trainer |
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| Basic Combat |
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| Basic Trainer |
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| Primary Trainer (1924-1948) |
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| Trainer (1948-1990) |
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"T-1", "T-2", "T-3" and "T-6" have also been assigned since 1962 in a separate sequence.
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